Running Basic Station on Conduit

Code base and documentation

 

Hardware Requirements

To use basic station an MTCAP or MTCDT with MTAC-LORA-H mCard is required. The Basic Station does not support the MTAC-LORA-1.0 USB cards.
mPower 5.3 includes UI configuration and basic station packages

 

Connecting to TTN

TTN Basic Station Instructions for Conduit

Logging

The JSON station configuration file has options to enable logging files, level and rotation

https://doc.sm.tc/station/conf.html#logging-setup

Credentials

Select LNS or CUPS depending on server requirements. The LNS protocol will downlink the channel plan from a server. The CUPS protocol and redirect the station process to a network server end-point.

Connecting to TTN Community v3

TTN Instructions

https://nam1.cloud.thethings.network/console
https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/console
https://au1.cloud.thethings.network/console

https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/lora-basics-station/cups/
https://thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/multitechconduit/lbs/

Certificate Information

https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/reference/root-certificates/

CUPS

https://nam1.cloud.thethings.network:443
https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network:443
https://au1.cloud.thethings.network:443

Use the following command to view the certificate used by the server.

openssl s_client -showcerts -servername eu1.cloud.thethings.industries -connect eu1.cloud.thethings.industries:443
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Using CUPS requires creating two API keys for your gateway. The LNS lbs-lns-secret key will be sent to the gateway over the CUPS protocol. The CUPS key will authenticate the gateway when negotiating the CUPS connection.

Creating API keys for CUPS

URI

Set the URI field to point to a network, in this example a TTI private instance is used.

Connecting to TTN Community

Replace “nam1” with “au1”, “eu1” for the desired region.

wss://nam1.cloud.thethings.network:8887

Station Conf

The default station configuration can be used as the network will configure the channels based on the selected channel plan in the TTI configuration.

Server Certificate

TTN Community certificates

https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/reference/root-certificates/

Replace “nam1” with “au1” or “eu1” for the desired region.

openssl s_client -showcerts -servername nam1.cloud.thethings.network -connect nam1.cloud.thethings.network:8887

Use the second certificate output by the open ssl command

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Gateway Certificate

If a TLS client cert is required to connect to the server provide a certificate. Otherwise leave this field blank for connecting to TTN v3.

Gateway Key

The Gateway Key can be used to populate the authorization header field or be a TLS client key depending on connection method. The Gateway Key needs to be formatted correctly to be used. In The Things Industries v3 GUI, create an API Key with Link as Gateway permissions and copy the key to the text box preceded by “Authorization: ”

Creating the Gateway key for LNS

Authorization: NNSXS.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

TTN Community gateway key

Currently the TTN Community servers to not authenticate the gateway key. Any value can be set, the file needs have proper contents to allow parsing by the basic station daemon.

Authorization: NNSXS.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Click Save and Apply and the station will be started.

Troubleshooting

If there are issues and the station needs to be run manually, you can ssh into the gateway and issue these commands to see output. The station.conf logging feature can also be used to get messages to find any issue details.

$ /etc/init.d/lora-networks-server stop
$ cd /var/run/lora/1
$ sudo ./station

 

Installation on MTCDT/MTCAP

Install the Basic Station from downloads.

$ sudo -s
# wget http://www.multitech.net/downloads/lora-basic-station_2.0.3-r1.0_arm926ejste.ipk
# opkg install lora-basic-station_2.0.3-r1.0_arm926ejste.ipk

The /opt/lora/station binary will be installed.

Basic Station to Packet Forwarder

This example python script shows how to send a channel configuration to the connection basic station gateway. It is useful for getting started and ensuring the gateway is functioning.
Basic Station Examples

TTI Configuration

The Things Industries provide private server instances that Basic Station can connect to. Visit TTI for details.

tc.uri

wss://<ORG>.<REGION>.cloud.thethings.industries:8887
wss://multitech.eu1.cloud.thethings.industries:8887

tc.key – Gateway Token

The tc.key file needs to be formatted correctly to be used and can be created with this command. In The Things Industries v3 GUI, create an API Key with Link as Gateway permissions and copy the key to the tc.key file.

echo -en "Authorization: NNSXS.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\r\n" > tc.key

tc.trust

Use the following command to view the certificate used by the server.

openssl s_client -showcerts -servername multitech.eu1.cloud.thethings.industries -connect multitech.eu1.cloud.thethings.industries:8887
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

 

Configuration files

  • Adjust the station.conf file for the desired frequencies, see examples.Download station.conf

    Use the routerid and euiprefix fields to assign the Gateway EUI.
    See Basic Station Doc for EUI.

  • Configure tc.uri to point to the network server web socket port 
    ws://192.168.52.72:6090
  • For secure web sockets use wss and provide tc.key or tc.trust and tc.crt files 
    wss://192.168.52.72:6090

 

Running the Basic Station

root@mtcdt:/opt/lora$ sudo ./station 
2020-02-26 16:56:02.698 [SYS:WARN] Ignoring field: region
2020-02-26 16:56:02.700 [SYS:INFO] Logging     : stderr (maxsize=10000000, rotate=3)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.700 [SYS:INFO] Station Ver : 2.0.3(mlinux/std) 2020-01-24 16:54:44
2020-02-26 16:56:02.700 [SYS:INFO] Package Ver : (null)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:INFO] proto EUI   : ::1    (station.conf)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:INFO] prefix EUI  : ::0    (station.conf)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:INFO] Station EUI : ::1
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:INFO] Station home: ./     (builtin)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:INFO] Station temp: /var/tmp/      (builtin)
2020-02-26 16:56:02.701 [SYS:WARN] Station in NO-CUPS mode
2020-02-26 16:56:02.903 [TCE:INFO] Starting TC engine
2020-02-26 16:56:02.908 [TCE:INFO] Connecting to INFOS: ws://192.168.52.72:6090
2020-02-26 16:56:02.912 [TCE:INFO] Infos: ::1 muxs-::0 ws://192.168.52.72:6092/router-::1
2020-02-26 16:56:02.912 [AIO:DEBU] [3] ws_close reason=1000
2020-02-26 16:56:02.913 [AIO:DEBU] [3] Server sent close: reason=1000
2020-02-26 16:56:02.913 [AIO:DEBU] [3] WS connection shutdown...
2020-02-26 16:56:02.916 [TCE:VERB] Connecting to MUXS...
2020-02-26 16:56:02.917 [TCE:VERB] Connected to MUXS.
INFO: FPGA supported features: [TX filter]  [Spectral Scan]  [LBT] 
2020-02-26 16:56:03.219 [S2E:WARN] Unknown field in router_config - ignored: bcning (0x1EE5E245)
2020-02-26 16:56:03.219 [S2E:WARN] Unknown field in router_config - ignored: config (0xF7A3E35F)
2020-02-26 16:56:03.219 [S2E:WARN] Unknown field in router_config - ignored: protocol (0xFD309030)
2020-02-26 16:56:03.220 [S2E:WARN] Unknown field in router_config - ignored: regionid (0xE6FFB211)
2020-02-26 16:56:03.220 [S2E:WARN] Unknown field in router_config - ignored: upchannels (0x7FCAA9EB)
2020-02-26 23:08:46.995 [RAL:WARN] Ignoring unsupported/unknown field: lbt_conf
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:INFO] Lora gateway library version: Version: 5.0.1-mts-1;
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:DEBU] SX1301 txlut table (2 entries)
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 txlut  0:  dig_gain=0 pa_gain=0 dac_gain=3 mix_gain=11 rf_power=-6
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 txlut  1:  dig_gain=0 pa_gain=0 dac_gain=3 mix_gain=13 rf_power=-3
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 rxrfchain 0: enable=1 freq=868475000 rssi_offset=-162.000000 type=2 tx_enable=1 tx_notch_freq=0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 rxrfchain 1: enable=1 freq=869287500 rssi_offset=-162.000000 type=2 tx_enable=0 tx_notch_freq=0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.049 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  0: enable=1 rf_chain=0 freq=-375000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  1: enable=1 rf_chain=0 freq=-175000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  2: enable=1 rf_chain=0 freq=25000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  3: enable=1 rf_chain=0 freq=375000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  4: enable=1 rf_chain=1 freq=-237500 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  5: enable=1 rf_chain=1 freq=237500 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  6: enable=0 rf_chain=1 freq=200000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  7: enable=0 rf_chain=1 freq=400000 bandwidth=0 datarate=0 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.050 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  8: enable=0 rf_chain=0 freq=-200000 bandwidth=2 datarate=2 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.051 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 ifchain  9: enable=0 rf_chain=0 freq=300000 bandwidth=3 datarate=50000 sync_word=0/0
2020-02-26 23:08:47.051 [RAL:VERB] SX1301 LBT not enabled
2020-02-26 23:08:47.051 [RAL:INFO] Station device: /dev/spidev0.0 (PPS capture enabled)
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:INFO] Configuring for region: EU863 -- 863.0MHz..870.0MHz
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR0  SF12/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR1  SF11/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR2  SF10/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR3  SF9/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR4  SF8/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR5  SF7/BW125 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR6  SF7/BW250 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR7  FSK 
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR8  undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR9  undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR10 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.049 [S2E:VERB]   DR11 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   DR12 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   DR13 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   DR14 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   DR15 undefined
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   TX power: 16.0 dBm EIRP
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]             27.0 dBm EIRP for 869.4MHz..869.65MHz
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   JoinEui list: 0 entries
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   NetID filter: FFFFFFFF-FFFFFFFF-FFFFFFFF-FFFFFFFF
2020-02-26 23:08:50.050 [S2E:VERB]   Dev/test settings: nocca=0 nodc=0 nodwell=0