Hi Leeky
Aside from configuring the LoRa end-node’s and the LoRa Gateway for maximum power and highest Spreading Factor for maximum range, we find that Gateway placement and antenna height are two substantial factors affecting range.
Placing the antennas as high as possible generally provides maximum achievable range.
Range varies based on many variables.
Range is maximized if ‘line-of-sight’ can be achieved with no obstruction.
Any obstruction induces a ‘fade margin’ that can reduce the RF signal.
Different materials induces a different ‘fade margin’ where earth and water are most challenging.
If you have line-of-sight between the end-node and Gateway with the Gateway antenna elevated to compensate for earth curvature…up to 10 miles range can be achieved.
Aside from line-of-sight deployments it is difficult to speculate what range will be without doing a site survey in that particular environment.
Hope that helps.
-Best Regards